Dependent and independent clause markers connect ideas. They can be used in two different ways. First to connect 2 independent clauses, such as ‘however’ and ‘therefore.’ Others connect an independent clause and a dependent clause, such as ‘before’ and ‘because.’
Similarly, conjunctive adverbs can connect 2 independent clauses.
Example
Paul studied a lot; however, he did not pass the exam.
Rule: You can use this pattern: independent clause; conjunctive adverb, independent clause.
Subordinating conjunctions can connect a dependent clause to an independent clause.
Pattern 1: subordinating conjunction + dependent clause, independent clause.
“Because she is a graduate, Sally can teach undergraduates.”
With the above pattern, use a comma.
Dependent clauses can go before or after independent clauses.
Pattern 2: independent clause + subordinating conjunction + dependent clause.
“Sally can teach undergraduates because she is a graduate.”
With this second pattern, do not use a comma.
Examples of dependent and independent clauses
Dependent clause
At the wedding ceremony today the couple left after the sermon.
Peter is taller than Joan although Joan is older.
Penti City is as big as the capital city.
The hungry lion caught and ate the deer as if it had never eaten.
They came back home early because they were thirsty.
I called her before we left the house.
We could still drive even though it was stormy.
I run in the rain even if I think it is heavy.
I can cook for you if you are very tired.
She came back to town early in order to help her sick grandma.
Next month, we will travel to Japan though we are not sure of the exact date.
She hasn’t been found guilty unless she confesses at the trial.
I will not come back home until I finish this project in Singapore.
My mum advised me that whatever I do, I should be consistent.
I will call you whenever I arrive.
She was singing while dancing in the choir yesterday evening.
You can call me when you are ready to talk.
I am not sure whether to cook rice or potatoes today.
Independent Clause
Examples
I enjoy sitting by the lake and reading.
Waiting to have my car’s oil changed is boring.
She wants to travel the world and see wonderful sights.
Our planets revolve around the sun.
The professor always comes to class fully prepared.
Exercise
Use the following to make sentences
after
although
as
as if
because
before
even if
even though
if
in order to
since
though
unless
until
whatever
when
whenever
whether
while
Do you want to do more English grammar exercises, go here.
